Silicon carbide, nrog rau cov tshuaj formula SiC, yog ib yam khoom uas tsis yog-hlau nrog cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb thiab kev siv dav. Nws ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ntau thaj chaw thiab qhia tau tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab muaj peev xwm loj hlob.
Hais txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv, silicon carbide muaj ntau cov qauv siv lead ua. Feem ntau pom yog -SiC ntawm hexagonal siv lead ua system thiab -SiC ntawm lub cubic siv lead ua, thiab lwm yam. Cov qauv sib txawv no ua rau nws muaj zog hardness, siab melting point, thiab zoo tshuaj stability. Nws hardness yog thib ob tsuas yog cov pob zeb diamond, uas muab silicon carbide tsis tshua muaj nqi daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv hnav-resistant. Piv txwv li, nws yog feem ntau siv los tsim cov cuab yeej abrasive xws li cov ntawv xuab zeb thiab cov log sib tsoo, thiab tuaj yeem ua haujlwm zoo xws li kev sib tsoo thiab txiav ntawm ntau yam ntaub ntawv nyuaj.
Hais txog kev ua haujlwm kub kub, silicon carbide ua tau zoo heev. Nws muaj lub siab melting point thiab muaj peev xwm tuav ruaj khov lub cev thiab tshuaj muaj zog nyob rau hauv ib tug high-kub ib puag ncig rau lub sij hawm ntev. Vim li no, silicon carbide yog ib qho khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev lag luam kub kub. Piv txwv li, hauv kev lag luam metallurgical, nws tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias, pab cov cua sov tiv thaiv kev yaig ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab ua kom cov txheej txheem smelting tuaj yeem ua tau zoo thiab ruaj khov. Hauv thaj chaw aerospace, qee qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov cav kuj tau txais cov khoom siv silicon carbide-raws li cov khoom sib xyaw kom tau raws li cov kev cai nruj rau kev ua haujlwm kub, pab lub dav hlau ua haujlwm zoo nyob rau hauv huab cua kub.
Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm hluav taws xob khoom, silicon carbide belongs rau ib tug dav-bandgap semiconductor khoom. Piv nrog rau cov khoom siv silicon ib txwm muaj, nws muaj qhov zoo xws li kev txav hluav taws xob ntau dua, tawg hluav taws xob lub zog, thiab thermal conductivity. Qhov no tau ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, ua rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob semiconductor nrog kev ua tau zoo dua, xws li MOSFETs thiab IGBTs raws li silicon carbide. Cov khoom siv no muaj kev tiv thaiv qis dua, kev hloov pauv siab dua, thiab kev poob qis dua. Lawv tau siv dav hauv cov xwm txheej xws li lub cev muaj zog tsav tsheb ntawm lub zog tshiab, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob sib kis tau zoo, txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob thiab kev sib kis thiab ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev txuag hluav taws xob thiab txo qis emissions.
Hais txog cov khoom siv kho qhov muag, silicon carbide kuj muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb. Nws muaj cov cwj pwm tshwj xeeb kho qhov muag xws li kev nqus tshwj xeeb thiab kev xav ntawm lub teeb hauv qee qhov wavelength bands. Yog li ntawd, nws kuj muaj qhov chaw hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv kho qhov muag. Piv txwv li, qee cov khoom siv kho qhov muag nrog lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb, xws li lo ntsiab muag thiab iav, yuav siv silicon carbide kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig kho qhov muag zoo dua.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem npaj ntawm silicon carbide yog qhov nyuaj thiab kim. Tam sim no, feem ntau siv txoj kev npaj muaj xws li lub cev vapor deposition, tshuaj vapor deposition, thiab high-temperature sintering, thiab lwm yam. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshawb nrhiav txhua txoj hauv kev los txhim kho cov txheej txheem npaj, siv zog los txo cov nqi thiab txhim kho cov khoom zoo thiab cov khoom tsim tawm.
Los ntawm txoj kev xav ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis, qhov kev thov rau cov ntaub ntawv ua tau zoo hauv ntau qhov kev lag luam txuas ntxiv mus. Ua tsaug rau nws cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv ntau yam, silicon carbide yuav tsum tau nthuav dav thiab siv rau hauv ntau qhov chaw tawm tshiab. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws txoj kev cuam tshuam hauv cov ntawv thov ib txwm siv yuav txuas ntxiv mus ntxiv. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, nws cia siab tias yuav dhau los ua ib qho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb los txhawb kev txhim kho ntau yam kev lag luam thiab kev siv thev naus laus zis.
Hauv kev xaus, silicon carbide ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho kev lag luam niaj hnub thiab kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis nrog nws cov qauv tshwj xeeb thiab cov khoom zoo heev. Txawm hais tias nws ntsib qee qhov kev sib tw ntawm cov txheej txheem thiab tus nqi, nws lub peev xwm loj yog nyiam suav tsis txheeb kev tshawb fawb thiab kev lag luam muaj zog los tshawb nrhiav thiab tso tawm tsis tu ncua.
